Four causes cover nearly every case. Each one has a sign you can spot yourself, without logging in to anything.
Cause 1
No certificate, or it isn't switched on
A certificate (often called SSL) is what lets a browser open a private https connection. Without one, Chrome marks the page "Not secure". It's most common on older sites and on sites that recently moved hosting.
Usual fix: many hosts include a free certificate. It often just needs switching on for your domain.
Sign: typing https:// before your address gives an error or a warning page.
Cause 2
Expired, or issued for the wrong address
Every certificate has an end date. If renewal fails, perhaps because a card on file expired or the domain moved, visitors get a full-page warning instead of your site. A certificate can also be valid for yourbusiness.com but not www.yourbusiness.com, or the other way round.
Usual fix: renew it, cover both versions, and make renewal automatic.
Sign: click the icon left of the address, open the connection details, then the certificate, and read "Expires on".
Cause 3
Mixed content
The page is https, but something on it, like an old logo, a slider image, a booking widget or a map, still loads from an http:// address. Browsers then drop the padlock on that page only.
Usual fix: change those addresses to https, or replace anything that can't load securely.
Sign: padlock on your home page, but not on your gallery or booking page.
Cause 4
http doesn't send people to https
The certificate works, but anyone who types your address, clicks an old link or scans an old printed QR code lands on plain http://. Chrome's developer docs say that if https is already set up, "all you need to do to fix this problem is configure your server to redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS."
Usual fix: one permanent redirect from every http address to https.
Sign: type http://yourbusiness.com in full. If the address bar stays on http, this is you.